Images of praise & satire in the poetry of poetesses of Andalusia

صوَر المديح والهجاء في شعر شاعرات الأندلس

Abstract

Praise (an art of Arabic literature that is concerned with praise, arrogance, respect for the one who is praised and highlighting his virtues), which is (an expression of the praiser’s admiration for ideal qualities and lofty human qualities, possessed by a person or manifested in the exploits of a people or in the next nation of nations, and what is the best praise It was issued from the sincerity of an emotion and a reality. Most of the poetesses of Andalusia in this color of poetry are noticeable, especially in their praise of princes and ministers, and often the poet had been accustomed to presenting their praise in a way that included a lot of courtesy, exaggeration and even hypocrisy sometimes, and at other times they made their praise inherent in honesty, the Andalusian poetesses followed in the footsteps of the poets, and was sometimes sincere in praise and at other times complimenting, to achieve from behind what she aspired to in terms of self and non-self-desires.

There are many roles for women to play in civilized societies, among them is the Andalusian society, in which women participated in poetry systems for various purposes, such as praise, satire, flirtation, apology, complaint, nostalgia, and other purposes of poetry. She sees in him the imaginations of masculinity and the qualities of virility, and through wit and magnanimity, and at the same time the Andalusian poet satirizes the men who fell from her eyes, and even became obscene in her satire on him, and this article presents pictures and models of praise and satire in the poetry of Andalusian poetesses.

The praise of the Arab woman in Andalusia presented us with a vivid image of the extent to which the Arab woman tends to the moral qualities of the man and to prefer her to his material qualities, and there is no evidence for this from the previous examples of praise, which were singled out (the Prophet, peace be upon him, the caliph, the friend, the minister, and the preacher), the Andalusian poetesses were very close to politicians, rulers and people of prestige and influence, and their explicit inclination to this color of poetry, the Andalusian poetesses multiplied the systems in political praise; Desiring to achieve what she aspired to in terms of personal desires, and they were motivated by the sincere feelings that were born in her towards loved ones and everyone who included her in care, to the door of social praise, but she rarely turned to the door of religious praise, and perhaps the beautiful Andalusian environment, and the spread of social gatherings and amusement, and the loss of ears to listen to this color of praise; It was a reason for the poet's preoccupation with order and a lot of it. As for the style of praise, it was between generosity, ease, strength and flexibility to suit the nature of her praise, which fluctuated between comprehending the virtues of the praised one as a whole or some of his virtues simply talking about them, and she did not come to that serious, but rather in her praise, they imitated the approach of the ancients from the Middle East, including: Qudamah bin Jaafar in his book Naqd al-Shier.